English reader · Project Gutenberg #84

Chapter 1

Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus. English-only reading by default; you can also choose two-column reading in English and Chinese.

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This reading unit corresponds to Chapter 1 in the Project Gutenberg #84 edition of Frankenstein.

Who it is for

Modern reader note

English

I am by birth a Genevese, and my family is one of the most distinguished of that republic. My ancestors had been for many years counsellors and syndics, and my father had filled several public situations with honour and reputation. He was respected by all who knew him for his integrity and indefatigable attention to public business. He passed his younger days perpetually occupied by the affairs of his country; a variety of circumstances had prevented his marrying early, nor was it until the decline of life that he became a husband and the father of a family.

As the circumstances of his marriage illustrate his character, I cannot refrain from relating them. One of his most intimate friends was a merchant who, from a flourishing state, fell, through numerous mischances, into poverty. This man, whose name was Beaufort, was of a proud and unbending disposition and could not bear to live in poverty and oblivion in the same country where he had formerly been distinguished for his rank and magnificence. Having paid his debts, therefore, in the most honourable manner, he retreated with his daughter to the town of Lucerne, where he lived unknown and in wretchedness. My father loved Beaufort with the truest friendship and was deeply grieved by his retreat in these unfortunate circumstances. He bitterly deplored the false pride which led his friend to a conduct so little worthy of the affection that united them. He lost no time in endeavouring to seek him out, with the hope of persuading him to begin the world again through his credit and assistance.

Beaufort had taken effectual measures to conceal himself, and it was ten months before my father discovered his abode. Overjoyed at this discovery, he hastened to the house, which was situated in a mean street near the Reuss. But when he entered, misery and despair alone welcomed him. Beaufort had saved but a very small sum of money from the wreck of his fortunes, but it was sufficient to provide him with sustenance for some months, and in the meantime he hoped to procure some respectable employment in a merchant’s house. The interval was, consequently, spent in inaction; his grief only became more deep and rankling when he had leisure for reflection, and at length it took so fast hold of his mind that at the end of three months he lay on a bed of sickness, incapable of any exertion.

His daughter attended him with the greatest tenderness, but she saw with despair that their little fund was rapidly decreasing and that there was no other prospect of support. But Caroline Beaufort possessed a mind of an uncommon mould, and her courage rose to support her in her adversity. She procured plain work; she plaited straw and by various means contrived to earn a pittance scarcely sufficient to support life.

Several months passed in this manner. Her father grew worse; her time was more entirely occupied in attending him; her means of subsistence decreased; and in the tenth month her father died in her arms, leaving her an orphan and a beggar. This last blow overcame her, and she knelt by Beaufort’s coffin weeping bitterly, when my father entered the chamber. He came like a protecting spirit to the poor girl, who committed herself to his care; and after the interment of his friend he conducted her to Geneva and placed her under the protection of a relation. Two years after this event Caroline became his wife.

There was a considerable difference between the ages of my parents, but this circumstance seemed to unite them only closer in bonds of devoted affection. There was a sense of justice in my father’s upright mind which rendered it necessary that he should approve highly to love strongly. Perhaps during former years he had suffered from the late-discovered unworthiness of one beloved and so was disposed to set a greater value on tried worth. There was a show of gratitude and worship in his attachment to my mother, differing wholly from the doting fondness of age, for it was inspired by reverence for her virtues and a desire to be the means of, in some degree, recompensing her for the sorrows she had endured, but which gave inexpressible grace to his behaviour to her. Everything was made to yield to her wishes and her convenience. He strove to shelter her, as a fair exotic is sheltered by the gardener, from every rougher wind and to surround her with all that could tend to excite pleasurable emotion in her soft and benevolent mind. Her health, and even the tranquillity of her hitherto constant spirit, had been shaken by what she had gone through. During the two years that had elapsed previous to their marriage my father had gradually relinquished all his public functions; and immediately after their union they sought the pleasant climate of Italy, and the change of scene and interest attendant on a tour through that land of wonders, as a restorative for her weakened frame.

From Italy they visited Germany and France. I, their eldest child, was born at Naples, and as an infant accompanied them in their rambles. I remained for several years their only child. Much as they were attached to each other, they seemed to draw inexhaustible stores of affection from a very mine of love to bestow them upon me. My mother’s tender caresses and my father’s smile of benevolent pleasure while regarding me are my first recollections. I was their plaything and their idol, and something better—their child, the innocent and helpless creature bestowed on them by Heaven, whom to bring up to good, and whose future lot it was in their hands to direct to happiness or misery, according as they fulfilled their duties towards me. With this deep consciousness of what they owed towards the being to which they had given life, added to the active spirit of tenderness that animated both, it may be imagined that while during every hour of my infant life I received a lesson of patience, of charity, and of self-control, I was so guided by a silken cord that all seemed but one train of enjoyment to me.

For a long time I was their only care. My mother had much desired to have a daughter, but I continued their single offspring. When I was about five years old, while making an excursion beyond the frontiers of Italy, they passed a week on the shores of the Lake of Como. Their benevolent disposition often made them enter the cottages of the poor. This, to my mother, was more than a duty; it was a necessity, a passion—remembering what she had suffered, and how she had been relieved—for her to act in her turn the guardian angel to the afflicted. During one of their walks a poor cot in the foldings of a vale attracted their notice as being singularly disconsolate, while the number of half-clothed children gathered about it spoke of penury in its worst shape. One day, when my father had gone by himself to Milan, my mother, accompanied by me, visited this abode. She found a peasant and his wife, hard working, bent down by care and labour, distributing a scanty meal to five hungry babes. Among these there was one which attracted my mother far above all the rest. She appeared of a different stock. The four others were dark-eyed, hardy little vagrants; this child was thin and very fair. Her hair was the brightest living gold, and despite the poverty of her clothing, seemed to set a crown of distinction on her head. Her brow was clear and ample, her blue eyes cloudless, and her lips and the moulding of her face so expressive of sensibility and sweetness that none could behold her without looking on her as of a distinct species, a being heaven-sent, and bearing a celestial stamp in all her features.

The peasant woman, perceiving that my mother fixed eyes of wonder and admiration on this lovely girl, eagerly communicated her history. She was not her child, but the daughter of a Milanese nobleman. Her mother was a German and had died on giving her birth. The infant had been placed with these good people to nurse: they were better off then. They had not been long married, and their eldest child was but just born. The father of their charge was one of those Italians nursed in the memory of the antique glory of Italy—one among the schiavi ognor frementi, who exerted himself to obtain the liberty of his country. He became the victim of its weakness. Whether he had died or still lingered in the dungeons of Austria was not known. His property was confiscated; his child became an orphan and a beggar. She continued with her foster parents and bloomed in their rude abode, fairer than a garden rose among dark-leaved brambles.

When my father returned from Milan, he found playing with me in the hall of our villa a child fairer than pictured cherub—a creature who seemed to shed radiance from her looks and whose form and motions were lighter than the chamois of the hills. The apparition was soon explained. With his permission my mother prevailed on her rustic guardians to yield their charge to her. They were fond of the sweet orphan. Her presence had seemed a blessing to them, but it would be unfair to her to keep her in poverty and want when Providence afforded her such powerful protection. They consulted their village priest, and the result was that Elizabeth Lavenza became the inmate of my parents’ house—my more than sister—the beautiful and adored companion of all my occupations and my pleasures.

Everyone loved Elizabeth. The passionate and almost reverential attachment with which all regarded her became, while I shared it, my pride and my delight. On the evening previous to her being brought to my home, my mother had said playfully, “I have a pretty present for my Victor—tomorrow he shall have it.” And when, on the morrow, she presented Elizabeth to me as her promised gift, I, with childish seriousness, interpreted her words literally and looked upon Elizabeth as mine—mine to protect, love, and cherish. All praises bestowed on her I received as made to a possession of my own. We called each other familiarly by the name of cousin. No word, no expression could body forth the kind of relation in which she stood to me—my more than sister, since till death she was to be mine only.

中文

我出生在日内瓦,家族是这个共和国里最有声望的家族之一。我的祖先多年来一直担任议员和行政官,我父亲也曾以荣誉和声望担任过多个公职。所有认识他的人都敬重他的正直,以及他对公共事务不知疲倦的投入。年轻时,他几乎全部精力都放在国家事务上;各种原因使他一直没有早婚,直到人生渐入晚年,才结婚并有了自己的家庭。

父亲的婚姻经过很能说明他的性格,因此我不能不讲一讲。他有一位最亲密的朋友,是个商人,原本生意兴隆,却因为接连遭遇不幸而陷入贫困。这个人名叫博福特,性格骄傲而倔强,无法忍受在自己曾经因地位和排场而受人瞩目的国家里,过着贫困而被遗忘的生活。因此,他以最体面的方式清偿债务后,带着女儿退居卢塞恩,从此隐姓埋名,在贫困中生活。父亲对博福特怀着最真挚的友谊,得知朋友在这样的不幸处境中离去,十分悲痛。他痛惜博福特那种错误的自尊,认为这种做法完全辜负了两人之间深厚的情谊。于是父亲立刻开始寻找他,希望凭自己的信用和帮助,说服朋友重新开始生活。

博福特采取了很严密的措施隐藏行踪,父亲用了整整十个月才找到他的住处。得到消息后,他欣喜万分,立刻赶到那所房子。房子在罗伊斯河附近一条贫穷的街道上。可等父亲走进去时,迎接他的只有贫困和绝望。博福特从破产中只保住很少一笔钱,勉强够几个月的生活费;他原本希望能在一家商行找到一份体面的工作。可等待期间,他一直无所事事,越有时间反复思考,悲伤便越深,最后完全侵蚀了他的精神。三个月后,他终于病倒在床,再也无力做任何事情。

他的女儿一直极其温柔地照料父亲,可她绝望地看着家里那点钱迅速减少,而他们又没有其他生活来源。不过,卡罗琳·博福特有着非同寻常的心性,逆境反而激起她的勇气。她找来普通针线活做,又编草辫,还想尽各种办法挣一点微薄的钱,勉强维持两个人活下去。

这样的日子又过了几个月。她父亲的病越来越重,她几乎全部时间都用来照顾他,生活来源也越来越少。到了第十个月,父亲死在她怀里,留下她这个既无父母又身无分文的孤女。最后这一击彻底压垮了她。她跪在博福特的棺木旁痛哭时,我父亲走进了房间。对这个可怜的姑娘来说,他像一个保护她的守护神。卡罗琳把自己交给父亲照顾;父亲安葬好友以后,把她带回日内瓦,托付给一位亲戚照料。两年以后,卡罗琳成为他的妻子。

我的父母年龄相差很大,但这似乎反而让他们之间忠诚而深厚的感情更加紧密。父亲为人正直,内心又有很强的公正感,因此他必须先真正敬重一个人,才会深深爱上对方。也许他年轻时曾因后来发现所爱之人并不值得信任而受过伤,因此更加珍惜经受过考验的品德。他对母亲的感情中带着明显的感激和敬意,完全不同于老人一味宠溺年轻妻子的迷恋;这种感情来自他对她品德的尊敬,也来自他想多少补偿她过去所受苦难的愿望,因此使他对她的每一个举动都显得格外温柔。家里的一切都尽量顺从她的愿望和方便。父亲努力保护她,就像园丁保护一株珍贵的异国花木,不让任何猛烈的风伤害她,并尽力让她身边充满能给她温柔善良的心带来愉悦的东西。她经历的苦难已经损害了健康,甚至动摇了她原本一向平静的性情。结婚前的两年里,父亲逐渐辞去所有公职;婚后,他们立刻前往气候宜人的意大利,希望那里的环境变化和旅行带来的新鲜感,能帮助她恢复虚弱的身体。

离开意大利以后,他们又游历德国和法国。我是他们的长子,出生在那不勒斯,婴儿时期便跟随他们四处旅行。好几年里,我一直是家中唯一的孩子。他们彼此已经十分相爱,却仿佛还拥有一座取之不尽的爱情矿藏,可以不断把感情倾注到我身上。我最早的记忆,就是母亲温柔的亲吻,以及父亲望着我时充满慈爱的微笑。我既是他们的玩具,也是他们崇拜的宝贝;但更重要的是,我是他们的孩子,是上天交给他们的一个无辜而无助的生命。我的未来究竟幸福还是悲惨,要看他们怎样履行对我的责任。正因为他们深刻意识到自己对一个由他们带到世上的生命负有什么义务,又因为两个人天性都充满积极而真挚的温情,所以在我婴幼儿时期的每一个小时里,我都在学习耐心、仁慈和自我克制;可他们对我的引导又温柔得像一条丝带,让这一切在我感觉中都只是连续不断的快乐。

很长一段时间里,我是他们唯一挂念的人。母亲一直很想有一个女儿,可我始终是独生子。大约五岁时,我们在一次离开意大利边境的旅行中,在科莫湖畔住了一个星期。父母天性善良,经常走进穷人的小屋。对母亲来说,这不只是责任,更像一种无法抑制的需要和热情。她记得自己曾经受过怎样的苦,也记得自己怎样得到帮助,因此希望轮到自己去做那些不幸者的守护天使。有一次散步时,一座藏在山谷褶皱中的贫穷小屋引起了他们注意。小屋看起来格外凄凉,周围还聚着许多衣不蔽体的孩子,一看就知道穷困到了极点。一天,父亲独自去了米兰,母亲便带着我去拜访那户人家。她看见一对勤劳的农民夫妻,被忧愁和劳作压弯了腰,正在给五个饥饿的孩子分一点少得可怜的食物。可其中有一个孩子格外吸引母亲。她看起来像来自完全不同的血统。其他四个孩子眼睛乌黑、身体结实,是一群粗野又活泼的小家伙;这个女孩却很瘦,皮肤极白。她的头发像最明亮的金子,即使衣服破旧贫穷,也仿佛给她戴上一顶与众不同的王冠。她额头宽阔洁净,蓝眼睛清澈无云,嘴唇和脸部线条又流露出敏感和温柔。没有人看见她会不觉得她仿佛属于另一个物种,是上天送来的生命,五官里都带着一种天上的印记。

农妇看见母亲一直惊讶而赞叹地注视这个可爱的女孩,便急切地讲起她的身世。她并不是农妇自己的孩子,而是一位米兰贵族的女儿。她的母亲是德国人,生下她时便去世了。这个婴儿后来被送到这对善良夫妻家里寄养;那时他们家境还好一些,两个人结婚不久,自己的长子也才刚出生。女孩的父亲是那种一直记得意大利古代荣光的人之一,也是那些“永远愤怒的奴隶”中的一员;他努力争取祖国的自由,却最终成为国家软弱的牺牲品。没人知道他已经死去,还是仍被囚禁在奥地利的地牢里。他的财产被没收,女儿也因此成了孤儿和乞儿。她一直留在养父母家里,在那座粗陋的小屋中成长,却像深色荆棘中盛开的一朵花园玫瑰,比周围一切都更美。

父亲从米兰回来时,看见大厅里有一个女孩正和我一起玩耍。她比画中的小天使还要漂亮,仿佛全身都在发光,身形和动作又比山里的羚羊还轻盈。这个突然出现的孩子很快有了解释。得到父亲同意后,母亲说服她的乡下养父母,把女孩交给自己抚养。那家人很喜欢这个可爱的孤儿,也觉得她的存在给家里带来福气;可既然上天让她有机会得到如此有力的保护,如果还把她留在贫困和匮乏中,对她并不公平。他们请教了村里的神父,最后决定让伊丽莎白·拉文扎进入我父母家中生活。从此,她不仅是我的妹妹,更是我所有活动和快乐中美丽而受人宠爱的伙伴。

所有人都爱伊丽莎白。大家对她那种热烈、近乎敬仰的爱,我也同样拥有,而这成了我的骄傲和快乐。在她来到我们家前一晚,母亲曾开玩笑地说:“我给我的维克多准备了一件漂亮礼物,明天他就会得到。”第二天,她把伊丽莎白带到我面前,说这就是答应给我的礼物。那时我还是个孩子,却认真地把这句话完全当真,从此把伊丽莎白看成属于我的人——由我来保护、爱护和珍惜。别人对她的每一句夸奖,我都会像听见别人夸奖属于自己的珍贵事物一样接受。我们平时亲昵地互称“表兄妹”。可没有任何一个词、任何一种说法能真正表达她同我的关系:她远远不只是妹妹,因为从那时起直到死亡,她都注定只属于我一个人。

English

I am by birth a Genevese, and my family is one of the most distinguished of that republic. My ancestors had been for many years counsellors and syndics, and my father had filled several public situations with honour and reputation. He was respected by all who knew him for his integrity and indefatigable attention to public business. He passed his younger days perpetually occupied by the affairs of his country; a variety of circumstances had prevented his marrying early, nor was it until the decline of life that he became a husband and the father of a family.

English

As the circumstances of his marriage illustrate his character, I cannot refrain from relating them. One of his most intimate friends was a merchant who, from a flourishing state, fell, through numerous mischances, into poverty. This man, whose name was Beaufort, was of a proud and unbending disposition and could not bear to live in poverty and oblivion in the same country where he had formerly been distinguished for his rank and magnificence. Having paid his debts, therefore, in the most honourable manner, he retreated with his daughter to the town of Lucerne, where he lived unknown and in wretchedness. My father loved Beaufort with the truest friendship and was deeply grieved by his retreat in these unfortunate circumstances. He bitterly deplored the false pride which led his friend to a conduct so little worthy of the affection that united them. He lost no time in endeavouring to seek him out, with the hope of persuading him to begin the world again through his credit and assistance.

English

Beaufort had taken effectual measures to conceal himself, and it was ten months before my father discovered his abode. Overjoyed at this discovery, he hastened to the house, which was situated in a mean street near the Reuss. But when he entered, misery and despair alone welcomed him. Beaufort had saved but a very small sum of money from the wreck of his fortunes, but it was sufficient to provide him with sustenance for some months, and in the meantime he hoped to procure some respectable employment in a merchant’s house. The interval was, consequently, spent in inaction; his grief only became more deep and rankling when he had leisure for reflection, and at length it took so fast hold of his mind that at the end of three months he lay on a bed of sickness, incapable of any exertion.

English

His daughter attended him with the greatest tenderness, but she saw with despair that their little fund was rapidly decreasing and that there was no other prospect of support. But Caroline Beaufort possessed a mind of an uncommon mould, and her courage rose to support her in her adversity. She procured plain work; she plaited straw and by various means contrived to earn a pittance scarcely sufficient to support life.

English

Several months passed in this manner. Her father grew worse; her time was more entirely occupied in attending him; her means of subsistence decreased; and in the tenth month her father died in her arms, leaving her an orphan and a beggar. This last blow overcame her, and she knelt by Beaufort’s coffin weeping bitterly, when my father entered the chamber. He came like a protecting spirit to the poor girl, who committed herself to his care; and after the interment of his friend he conducted her to Geneva and placed her under the protection of a relation. Two years after this event Caroline became his wife.

English

There was a considerable difference between the ages of my parents, but this circumstance seemed to unite them only closer in bonds of devoted affection. There was a sense of justice in my father’s upright mind which rendered it necessary that he should approve highly to love strongly. Perhaps during former years he had suffered from the late-discovered unworthiness of one beloved and so was disposed to set a greater value on tried worth. There was a show of gratitude and worship in his attachment to my mother, differing wholly from the doting fondness of age, for it was inspired by reverence for her virtues and a desire to be the means of, in some degree, recompensing her for the sorrows she had endured, but which gave inexpressible grace to his behaviour to her. Everything was made to yield to her wishes and her convenience. He strove to shelter her, as a fair exotic is sheltered by the gardener, from every rougher wind and to surround her with all that could tend to excite pleasurable emotion in her soft and benevolent mind. Her health, and even the tranquillity of her hitherto constant spirit, had been shaken by what she had gone through. During the two years that had elapsed previous to their marriage my father had gradually relinquished all his public functions; and immediately after their union they sought the pleasant climate of Italy, and the change of scene and interest attendant on a tour through that land of wonders, as a restorative for her weakened frame.

English

From Italy they visited Germany and France. I, their eldest child, was born at Naples, and as an infant accompanied them in their rambles. I remained for several years their only child. Much as they were attached to each other, they seemed to draw inexhaustible stores of affection from a very mine of love to bestow them upon me. My mother’s tender caresses and my father’s smile of benevolent pleasure while regarding me are my first recollections. I was their plaything and their idol, and something better—their child, the innocent and helpless creature bestowed on them by Heaven, whom to bring up to good, and whose future lot it was in their hands to direct to happiness or misery, according as they fulfilled their duties towards me. With this deep consciousness of what they owed towards the being to which they had given life, added to the active spirit of tenderness that animated both, it may be imagined that while during every hour of my infant life I received a lesson of patience, of charity, and of self-control, I was so guided by a silken cord that all seemed but one train of enjoyment to me.

English

For a long time I was their only care. My mother had much desired to have a daughter, but I continued their single offspring. When I was about five years old, while making an excursion beyond the frontiers of Italy, they passed a week on the shores of the Lake of Como. Their benevolent disposition often made them enter the cottages of the poor. This, to my mother, was more than a duty; it was a necessity, a passion—remembering what she had suffered, and how she had been relieved—for her to act in her turn the guardian angel to the afflicted. During one of their walks a poor cot in the foldings of a vale attracted their notice as being singularly disconsolate, while the number of half-clothed children gathered about it spoke of penury in its worst shape. One day, when my father had gone by himself to Milan, my mother, accompanied by me, visited this abode. She found a peasant and his wife, hard working, bent down by care and labour, distributing a scanty meal to five hungry babes. Among these there was one which attracted my mother far above all the rest. She appeared of a different stock. The four others were dark-eyed, hardy little vagrants; this child was thin and very fair. Her hair was the brightest living gold, and despite the poverty of her clothing, seemed to set a crown of distinction on her head. Her brow was clear and ample, her blue eyes cloudless, and her lips and the moulding of her face so expressive of sensibility and sweetness that none could behold her without looking on her as of a distinct species, a being heaven-sent, and bearing a celestial stamp in all her features.

English

The peasant woman, perceiving that my mother fixed eyes of wonder and admiration on this lovely girl, eagerly communicated her history. She was not her child, but the daughter of a Milanese nobleman. Her mother was a German and had died on giving her birth. The infant had been placed with these good people to nurse: they were better off then. They had not been long married, and their eldest child was but just born. The father of their charge was one of those Italians nursed in the memory of the antique glory of Italy—one among the schiavi ognor frementi, who exerted himself to obtain the liberty of his country. He became the victim of its weakness. Whether he had died or still lingered in the dungeons of Austria was not known. His property was confiscated; his child became an orphan and a beggar. She continued with her foster parents and bloomed in their rude abode, fairer than a garden rose among dark-leaved brambles.

English

When my father returned from Milan, he found playing with me in the hall of our villa a child fairer than pictured cherub—a creature who seemed to shed radiance from her looks and whose form and motions were lighter than the chamois of the hills. The apparition was soon explained. With his permission my mother prevailed on her rustic guardians to yield their charge to her. They were fond of the sweet orphan. Her presence had seemed a blessing to them, but it would be unfair to her to keep her in poverty and want when Providence afforded her such powerful protection. They consulted their village priest, and the result was that Elizabeth Lavenza became the inmate of my parents’ house—my more than sister—the beautiful and adored companion of all my occupations and my pleasures.

English

Everyone loved Elizabeth. The passionate and almost reverential attachment with which all regarded her became, while I shared it, my pride and my delight. On the evening previous to her being brought to my home, my mother had said playfully, “I have a pretty present for my Victor—tomorrow he shall have it.” And when, on the morrow, she presented Elizabeth to me as her promised gift, I, with childish seriousness, interpreted her words literally and looked upon Elizabeth as mine—mine to protect, love, and cherish. All praises bestowed on her I received as made to a possession of my own. We called each other familiarly by the name of cousin. No word, no expression could body forth the kind of relation in which she stood to me—my more than sister, since till death she was to be mine only.